Burden of recurrent CV events

In the US, there are an estimated 805,000 AMIs per year; 25% of these are recurrent AMIs.1

AMI carries a high mortality rate, with most deaths occurring prior to arriving at the hospital. Of those who make it, at least 5-10% will die within the first 12 months, and close to 50% will need to be rehospitalized within the first year.2

The estimated incidence of new AMI vs. recurrent MI1

burden1

Adapted from Virani et al. 20201

 

Recurrent CV events in the first year

~50% of recurrent CV events in the first year occurred in the 90-day high-risk period following an AMI3,4

Recurrent CV events post AMI are more serious and are associated with worse outcomes than the first. In the 90-day high-risk period after an AMI, patients have a high risk of all-cause mortality, CV death, and recurrent CV events.3,5,6

In a pooled analysis of 7 landmarks, clinical trials representing a total of 82,727 high‐risk patients with the recent acute coronary syndrome, half of the recurrent events occurred in the first 90 days of the 1-year follow-up period.4

 

The risk of recurrent CV events in the 1-year follow-up period4

burden2

Adapted from Chi et al. 20224

 

In a large-scale Swedish registry study, the cumulative rate of the primary composite endpoint (AMI, stroke or CV death) was approximately 10% and 18.3% during the first 90 days and 12 months, respectively, following the index AMI.3

 

Estimated risk of recurrent CV events in the first 365 days after the index AMI – stratified by age and risk3

burden3

Adapted from Jernberg et al. 20153

 

Cost of recurrent CV events

burden4

Recurrent CV events are associated with significant healthcare resource costs, with rehospitalization accounting for around 45% of total medical costs in the first year after an AMI.7–9

The average costs for a recurrent CV event in the US ($17,705) are just as high as for the index event ($16,981).10

Experts agree that the rate of recurrent CV deaths post AMI remains unacceptably high.1,11,12

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Burden of recurrent CV events

Recurrent CV events in the first year

Cost of recurrent CV events

 

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Current standard of care post AMI

Current standard of care and newer therapies have lowered the long-term risk of recurrent CV events; however, data show that patients are still at risk during the 90-day high-risk period after an AMI12–19

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Expert views

These resources are for healthcare professionals to learn more about the role of cholesterol efflux and support their patients after an AMI

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The cholesterol story

Learn about the role of cholesterol efflux in removing excess cholesterol from lipid-laden macrophages in arterial plaque20,21

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Abbreviations

AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction

References

1. Virani SS et al. Circulation 2020; 141:e139–e596.

2. Mechanic OJ et al. Acute myocardial infarction. In: StatPearls [Internet], 2022. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.

3. Jernberg T et al. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1163–1170.

4. Chi G et al. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:299–307.

5. Norgaard ML et al. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1612–1619.

6. Nakatani D et al. Circ J 2013; 77:439–446.

7. Bakhai A et al. J Interv Cardiol 2012; 25:19–27.

8. Punekar RS et al. Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:483–491.

9. Zhao Z, Winget M. BMC Health Serv Res 2011; 11:35.

10. Chapman RH et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:11.

11. Song J et al. Heart 2020; 107:313–318.

12. Nair R et al. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019270.

13. Schwartz GG et al. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:2097–2107.

14. Cannon CP et al. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2387–2397.

15. Schwartz GG et al. JAMA 2001; 285:1711–1718.

16. Bhatt DL et al. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:11–22.

17. Bhatt DL et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:2791–2802.

18. Mehta SR et al. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1411–1421.

19. Wallentin L et al. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1045–1057.

20. Silvain J et al. Curr Opin Cardiol 2019; 34:714–720.

21. Estrada-Luna D et al. Molecules 2018; 23:2730.

 

USA-GEN-0051 | August 2023